Dados: V = 230 V rms V=230\,\text{V}_{\text{rms}} V = 230 V rms , f = 50 Hz f=50\,\text{Hz} f = 50 Hz , ω = 2 π f = 314,16 rad/s \omega=2\pi f=314{,}16\,\text{rad/s} ω = 2 π f = 314 , 16 rad/s .
Adoto V ‾ = 230 ∠ 0 ∘ V \underline V=230\angle 0^\circ\,\text{V} V = 230∠ 0 ∘ V (fasor RMS) e correntes no sentido de cima para baixo.
a) Impedâncias dos condensadores e da bobina
Para C = 80 μ F C=80\,\mu\text{F} C = 80 μ F :
X C = 1 ω C = 1 314,16 ⋅ 80 × 10 − 6 ≈ 39,79 Ω X_C=\frac{1}{\omega C}=\frac{1}{314{,}16\cdot 80\times 10^{-6}}\approx 39{,}79\,\Omega X C = ω C 1 = 314 , 16 ⋅ 80 × 1 0 − 6 1 ≈ 39 , 79 Ω
Z ‾ C = 1 j ω C = − j 39,79 Ω \underline Z_C=\frac{1}{j\omega C}=-j\,39{,}79\,\Omega Z C = jω C 1 = − j 39 , 79 Ω
Para L = 0,6 H L=0{,}6\,\text{H} L = 0 , 6 H :
X L = ω L = 314,16 ⋅ 0,6 ≈ 188,50 Ω X_L=\omega L=314{,}16\cdot 0{,}6\approx 188{,}50\,\Omega X L = ω L = 314 , 16 ⋅ 0 , 6 ≈ 188 , 50 Ω
Z ‾ L = j 188,50 Ω \underline Z_L=j\,188{,}50\,\Omega Z L = j 188 , 50 Ω
b) Correntes I 1 I_1 I 1 , I 2 I_2 I 2 , I 3 I_3 I 3 (fasores)
Ramo 1 (apenas 40 Ω 40\,\Omega 40 Ω )
I ‾ 1 = V ‾ 40 = 230 40 = 5,75 ∠ 0 ∘ A \underline I_1=\frac{\underline V}{40}=\frac{230}{40}=5{,}75\angle 0^\circ\,\text{A} I 1 = 40 V = 40 230 = 5 , 75∠ 0 ∘ A
Ramo 2 (8 Ω 8\,\Omega 8 Ω em série com C C C )
Z ‾ 2 = 8 − j 39,79 \underline Z_2=8-j39{,}79 Z 2 = 8 − j 39 , 79
I ‾ 2 = 230 ∠ 0 ∘ 8 − j 39,79 \underline I_2=\frac{230\angle 0^\circ}{8-j39{,}79} I 2 = 8 − j 39 , 79 230∠ 0 ∘
Magnitude e ângulo de Z ‾ 2 \underline Z_2 Z 2 :
∣ Z 2 ∣ = 8 2 + 39,79 2 ≈ 40,59 , ∠ Z 2 = tan − 1 ( − 39,79 8 ) ≈ − 78,64 ∘ |Z_2|=\sqrt{8^2+39{,}79^2}\approx 40{,}59,\quad \angle Z_2=\tan^{-1}\Big(\frac{-39{,}79}{8}\Big)\approx -78{,}64^\circ ∣ Z 2 ∣ = 8 2 + 39 , 7 9 2 ≈ 40 , 59 , ∠ Z 2 = tan − 1 ( 8 − 39 , 79 ) ≈ − 78 , 6 4 ∘
Logo:
I ‾ 2 = 230 40,59 ∠ ( 0 − ( − 78,64 ) ) ≈ 5,666 ∠ 78,64 ∘ A \underline I_2=\frac{230}{40{,}59}\angle(0-(-78{,}64))\approx 5{,}666\angle 78{,}64^\circ\,\text{A} I 2 = 40 , 59 230 ∠ ( 0 − ( − 78 , 64 )) ≈ 5 , 666∠78 , 6 4 ∘ A
Forma retangular:
I ‾ 2 ≈ 1,106 + j 5,557 A \underline I_2\approx 1{,}106 + j\,5{,}557\,\text{A} I 2 ≈ 1 , 106 + j 5 , 557 A
Ramo 3 (L L L + C C C + 6 Ω 6\,\Omega 6 Ω em série)
Z ‾ 3 = 6 + j 188,50 − j 39,79 = 6 + j 148,71 \underline Z_3=6+j188{,}50-j39{,}79=6+j148{,}71 Z 3 = 6 + j 188 , 50 − j 39 , 79 = 6 + j 148 , 71
∣ Z 3 ∣ = 6 2 + 148,71 2 ≈ 148,83 , ∠ Z 3 ≈ tan − 1 ( 148,71 / 6 ) = 87,69 ∘ |Z_3|=\sqrt{6^2+148{,}71^2}\approx 148{,}83,\quad \angle Z_3\approx \tan^{-1}(148{,}71/6)=87{,}69^\circ ∣ Z 3 ∣ = 6 2 + 148 , 7 1 2 ≈ 148 , 83 , ∠ Z 3 ≈ tan − 1 ( 148 , 71/6 ) = 87 , 6 9 ∘
I ‾ 3 = 230 148,83 ∠ ( 0 − 87,69 ) ≈ 1,545 ∠ ( − 87,69 ∘ ) A \underline I_3=\frac{230}{148{,}83}\angle(0-87{,}69)\approx 1{,}545\angle(-87{,}69^\circ)\,\text{A} I 3 = 148 , 83 230 ∠ ( 0 − 87 , 69 ) ≈ 1 , 545∠ ( − 87 , 6 9 ∘ ) A
Forma retangular:
I ‾ 3 ≈ 0,0622 − j 1,544 A \underline I_3\approx 0{,}0622 - j\,1{,}544\,\text{A} I 3 ≈ 0 , 0622 − j 1 , 544 A
c) Corrente total I I I (fasor), amplitude, pico e valor médio
I ‾ = I ‾ 1 + I ‾ 2 + I ‾ 3 \underline I=\underline I_1+\underline I_2+\underline I_3 I = I 1 + I 2 + I 3
Somando em retangular:
I ‾ 1 = 5,75 + j 0 \underline I_1=5{,}75+j0 I 1 = 5 , 75 + j 0
I ‾ 2 ≈ 1,106 + j 5,557 \underline I_2\approx 1{,}106+j5{,}557 I 2 ≈ 1 , 106 + j 5 , 557
I ‾ 3 ≈ 0,0622 − j 1,544 \underline I_3\approx 0{,}0622-j1{,}544 I 3 ≈ 0 , 0622 − j 1 , 544
I ‾ ≈ ( 5,75 + 1,106 + 0,0622 ) + j ( 0 + 5,557 − 1,544 ) \underline I\approx (5{,}75+1{,}106+0{,}0622) + j(0+5{,}557-1{,}544) I ≈ ( 5 , 75 + 1 , 106 + 0 , 0622 ) + j ( 0 + 5 , 557 − 1 , 544 )
I ‾ ≈ 6,918 + j 4,013 A \underline I\approx 6{,}918 + j\,4{,}013\,\text{A} I ≈ 6 , 918 + j 4 , 013 A
∣ I ‾ ∣ = 6,918 2 + 4,013 2 ≈ 7,997 A , ∠ I ≈ tan − 1 ( 4,013 / 6,918 ) = 30,11 ∘ |\underline I|=\sqrt{6{,}918^2+4{,}013^2}\approx 7{,}997\,\text{A},\quad \angle I\approx \tan^{-1}(4{,}013/6{,}918)=30{,}11^\circ ∣ I ∣ = 6 , 91 8 2 + 4 , 01 3 2 ≈ 7 , 997 A , ∠ I ≈ tan − 1 ( 4 , 013/6 , 918 ) = 30 , 1 1 ∘
I ‾ ≈ 7,997 ∠ 30,11 ∘ A (RMS) \boxed{\underline I\approx 7{,}997\angle 30{,}11^\circ\,\text{A (RMS)}} I ≈ 7 , 997∠30 , 1 1 ∘ A (RMS)
Amplitude (RMS): I rms = 7,997 A I_{\text{rms}}=7{,}997\,\text{A} I rms = 7 , 997 A .
Valor de pico: I pico = 2 I rms ≈ 1,414 ⋅ 7,997 ≈ 11,31 A I_{\text{pico}}=\sqrt{2}\,I_{\text{rms}}\approx 1{,}414\cdot 7{,}997\approx 11{,}31\,\text{A} I pico = 2 I rms ≈ 1 , 414 ⋅ 7 , 997 ≈ 11 , 31 A .
Valor médio (num período, senoide pura): I m e ˊ dio = 0 A I_{\text{médio}}=0\,\text{A} I m e ˊ dio = 0 A .
d) Potências ativa (P P P ), reativa (Q Q Q ) e aparente (S S S ) do circuito
Potência complexa total:
S ‾ = V ‾ I ‾ ∗ \underline S=\underline V\,\underline I^* S = V I ∗
Como V ‾ = 230 ∠ 0 ∘ \underline V=230\angle 0^\circ V = 230∠ 0 ∘ e I ‾ = 7,997 ∠ 30,11 ∘ \underline I=7{,}997\angle 30{,}11^\circ I = 7 , 997∠30 , 1 1 ∘ :
∣ S ∣ = V I = 230 ⋅ 7,997 ≈ 1839 VA |S|=VI=230\cdot 7{,}997\approx 1839\,\text{VA} ∣ S ∣ = V I = 230 ⋅ 7 , 997 ≈ 1839 VA
Ângulo de S S S :
∠ S = − ∠ I = − 30,11 ∘ \angle S = -\angle I = -30{,}11^\circ ∠ S = − ∠ I = − 30 , 1 1 ∘
Então:
P = ∣ S ∣ cos ( 30,11 ∘ ) ≈ 1839 ⋅ 0,865 ≈ 1591 W P=|S|\cos(30{,}11^\circ)\approx 1839\cdot 0{,}865\approx 1591\,\text{W} P = ∣ S ∣ cos ( 30 , 1 1 ∘ ) ≈ 1839 ⋅ 0 , 865 ≈ 1591 W
Q = ∣ S ∣ sin ( − 30,11 ∘ ) ≈ 1839 ⋅ ( − 0,501 ) ≈ − 921 var Q=|S|\sin(-30{,}11^\circ)\approx 1839\cdot (-0{,}501)\approx -921\,\text{var} Q = ∣ S ∣ sin ( − 30 , 1 1 ∘ ) ≈ 1839 ⋅ ( − 0 , 501 ) ≈ − 921 var
S ≈ 1839 VA , P ≈ 1591 W , Q ≈ − 921 var (capacitiva) \boxed{S\approx 1839\,\text{VA}},\quad \boxed{P\approx 1591\,\text{W}},\quad \boxed{Q\approx -921\,\text{var (capacitiva)}} S ≈ 1839 VA , P ≈ 1591 W , Q ≈ − 921 var (capacitiva)
e) Fator de potência
fp = cos φ = cos ( 30,11 ∘ ) ≈ 0,865 \text{fp}=\cos\varphi=\cos(30{,}11^\circ)\approx 0{,}865 fp = cos φ = cos ( 30 , 1 1 ∘ ) ≈ 0 , 865
Como Q < 0 Q<0 Q < 0 , é adiantado (capacitivo) .
fp ≈ 0,865 (adiantado) \boxed{\text{fp}\approx 0{,}865\ \text{(adiantado)}} fp ≈ 0 , 865 (adiantado)
f) V L V_L V L e V C V_C V C (fasores) no ramo direito
No ramo 3 a corrente é a mesma em todos os elementos: I ‾ 3 \underline I_3 I 3 .
Tensão no indutor (V L V_L V L )
V ‾ L = I ‾ 3 Z ‾ L = I ‾ 3 ( j 188,50 ) \underline V_L=\underline I_3\,\underline Z_L=\underline I_3\,(j188{,}50) V L = I 3 Z L = I 3 ( j 188 , 50 )
Em polar: I ‾ 3 = 1,545 ∠ ( − 87,69 ∘ ) \underline I_3=1{,}545\angle(-87{,}69^\circ) I 3 = 1 , 545∠ ( − 87 , 6 9 ∘ ) e j 188,50 = 188,50 ∠ 90 ∘ j188{,}50=188{,}50\angle 90^\circ j 188 , 50 = 188 , 50∠9 0 ∘ :
V ‾ L = 1,545 ⋅ 188,50 ∠ ( − 87,69 + 90 ) ≈ 291,2 ∠ 2,31 ∘ V \underline V_L=1{,}545\cdot 188{,}50\angle( -87{,}69+90)
\approx 291{,}2\angle 2{,}31^\circ\,\text{V} V L = 1 , 545 ⋅ 188 , 50∠ ( − 87 , 69 + 90 ) ≈ 291 , 2∠2 , 3 1 ∘ V
V ‾ L ≈ 291,2 ∠ 2,31 ∘ V \boxed{\underline V_L\approx 291{,}2\angle 2{,}31^\circ\,\text{V}} V L ≈ 291 , 2∠2 , 3 1 ∘ V
Tensão no capacitor do ramo direito (V C V_C V C )
V ‾ C = I ‾ 3 Z ‾ C = I ‾ 3 ( − j 39,79 ) = I ‾ 3 ( 39,79 ∠ − 90 ∘ ) \underline V_C=\underline I_3\,\underline Z_C=\underline I_3\,(-j39{,}79)=\underline I_3\,(39{,}79\angle-90^\circ) V C = I 3 Z C = I 3 ( − j 39 , 79 ) = I 3 ( 39 , 79∠ − 9 0 ∘ )
V ‾ C = 1,545 ⋅ 39,79 ∠ ( − 87,69 − 90 ) ≈ 61,47 ∠ ( − 177,69 ∘ ) V \underline V_C=1{,}545\cdot 39{,}79\angle(-87{,}69-90)
\approx 61{,}47\angle(-177{,}69^\circ)\,\text{V} V C = 1 , 545 ⋅ 39 , 79∠ ( − 87 , 69 − 90 ) ≈ 61 , 47∠ ( − 177 , 6 9 ∘ ) V
V ‾ C ≈ 61,47 ∠ ( − 177,69 ∘ ) V \boxed{\underline V_C\approx 61{,}47\angle(-177{,}69^\circ)\,\text{V}} V C ≈ 61 , 47∠ ( − 177 , 6 9 ∘ ) V
Alternativa correta: (sem alternativas).