Read the excerpt from Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address. Each [party] looked for an easier triumph, and a result less fundamental and astounding. Both read the same Bible and pray to the same God, and each invokes His aid against the other. It may seem strange that any men should dare to ask a just God's assistance in wringing their bread from the sweat of other men's faces, but let us judge not, that we be not judged. The prayers of both could not be answered. That of neither has been answered fully. The Almighty has His own purposes. Which statement best describes Lincoln’s use of rhetorical appeal?
Questão
Read the excerpt from Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address.
Each [party] looked for an easier triumph, and a result less fundamental and astounding. Both read the same Bible and pray to the same God, and each invokes His aid against the other. It may seem strange that any men should dare to ask a just God's assistance in wringing their bread from the sweat of other men's faces, but let us judge not, that we be not judged. The prayers of both could not be answered. That of neither has been answered fully. The Almighty has His own purposes.
Which statement best describes Lincoln’s use of rhetorical appeal?
Alternativas
He relies on pathos to stir listeners’ anger and outrage.
He uses logos to explain the historical significance of war.
He relies on pathos to reveal his own conflicted emotions about war.
He uses ethos to illustrate the similarities between North and South.
Explicação
No trecho, Lincoln destaca que ambos os lados (“Both”) leem a mesma Bíblia, rezam ao mesmo Deus e pedem a ajuda divina. Ao fazer isso, ele constrói uma postura de autoridade moral e credibilidade (ethos): fala como alguém capaz de avaliar a guerra com equilíbrio, evitando demonizar apenas um lado e reforçando uma visão ética de humildade (“let us judge not”).
Ele não busca principalmente:
- Pathos de raiva/outRage: não tenta inflamar o público contra o outro lado; ao contrário, modera o julgamento.
- Logos histórico: não apresenta dados/causas em cadeia ou explicações racionais da “significância histórica” da guerra; o foco é moral/religioso.
- Pathos de emoções pessoais: ele não enfatiza sentimentos íntimos dele, e sim uma reflexão ética sobre ambos os grupos.
Assim, a melhor descrição é que ele usa ethos para apontar as semelhanças entre Norte e Sul e sustentar uma posição moral de conciliação e humildade.