Text I Immigrant education and assimilation is very different now and will continue to change with each contextual change. This is why ‘Konglish’ and other mixtures mutate even every few years as the factors drastically change. Unlike Louisiana Creole for example, which is passed down as a unique regional speech, Konglish is extremely contingent on the contemporary statuses of both cultural worlds. [...] She or he is my Unni/Nunah or Oppa/Hyung. When referring to older Korean friends or family, we rarely use first names. Instead, we call them by this rubric - guys call older guys ‘hyung’ and older girls ‘nunah’ while girls call older guys ‘oppa’ and girls ‘unni’. Anyone younger is universally ‘dongseng’. Hansik House. An Introduction to Korean-English, “Konglish”. Steemit, Jan. 1st, 2008. Disponível em: <https://steemit.com/language/@hansikhouse/an-introduction-to-korean-english-konglish>. Acesso em: 24 de abril de 2024 Text II Konglish is the term used to describe the variety of English unique to Korea. It is just one of many varieties of the English language that exists far beyond the borders of so-called “inner circle” Englishes – those spoken in countries such as Britain and the US, for example. As such, Konglish is sometimes met with hostility – even by Koreans themselves – and some regard it as synonymous with errors and failed attempts to learn “proper” English. [...] Difference does not mean errors, as once a variety of language has taken hold within a society, then it has – for all intents and purposes – become legitimate. Even within the inner circle of British English, some Britons still roll their eyes at so-called Americanisms, such as “have you been menued yet?” (for the uninitiated, to be given your menu). BARATTA, Alexander. Korean language speakers should take pride in Konglish – it’s another wonderful example of linguistic diversity. The Conversation, Jun. 14th, 2019. Disponível em: <https://theconversation.com/korean-language-speakers-should-take-pride-in-konglish-its-another-wonderful-example-of-linguistic-diversity-118790>. Acesso em: 24 de abril de 2024. The texts talk about how the English language can be affected by different cultures, since they bring their own words to it. Considering them, evaluate the following statements: I. Text I shows some words that are common to Konglish and that non-Korean people need explanation. BECAUSE II. According to Text II, this variety of English is intertwined with Korean culture and is part of the secondary circles of World Englishes.
Questão
Text I
Immigrant education and assimilation is very different now and will continue to change with each contextual change. This is why ‘Konglish’ and other mixtures mutate even every few years as the factors drastically change. Unlike Louisiana Creole for example, which is passed down as a unique regional speech, Konglish is extremely contingent on the contemporary statuses of both cultural worlds.
[...]
She or he is my Unni/Nunah or Oppa/Hyung. When referring to older Korean friends or family, we rarely use first names. Instead, we call them by this rubric - guys call older guys ‘hyung’ and older girls ‘nunah’ while girls call older guys ‘oppa’ and girls ‘unni’. Anyone younger is universally ‘dongseng’.
Hansik House. An Introduction to Korean-English, “Konglish”. Steemit, Jan. 1st, 2008. Disponível em: https://steemit.com/language/@hansikhouse/an-introduction-to-korean-english-konglish. Acesso em: 24 de abril de 2024
Text II
Konglish is the term used to describe the variety of English unique to Korea. It is just one of many varieties of the English language that exists far beyond the borders of so-called “inner circle” Englishes – those spoken in countries such as Britain and the US, for example. As such, Konglish is sometimes met with hostility – even by Koreans themselves – and some regard it as synonymous with errors and failed attempts to learn “proper” English.
[...]
Difference does not mean errors, as once a variety of language has taken hold within a society, then it has – for all intents and purposes – become legitimate. Even within the inner circle of British English, some Britons still roll their eyes at so-called Americanisms, such as “have you been menued yet?” (for the uninitiated, to be given your menu).
BARATTA, Alexander. Korean language speakers should take pride in Konglish – it’s another wonderful example of linguistic diversity. The Conversation, Jun. 14th, 2019. Disponível em: https://theconversation.com/korean-language-speakers-should-take-pride-in-konglish-its-another-wonderful-example-of-linguistic-diversity-118790. Acesso em: 24 de abril de 2024.
The texts talk about how the English language can be affected by different cultures, since they bring their own words to it. Considering them, evaluate the following statements:
I. Text I shows some words that are common to Konglish and that non-Korean people need explanation.
BECAUSE
II. According to Text II, this variety of English is intertwined with Korean culture and is part of the secondary circles of World Englishes.
Alternativas
Alternativa 1: Statements I and II are true, and II is a correct justification for I.
Alternativa 2: Statements I and II are true, but II is not a correct justification for I.
Alternativa 3: Statement I is false, and Statement II is true.
Alternativa 4: Statement I is true, and Statements II is false.
Alternativa 5: Statements I and II are false.
Explicação
Vamos analisar as afirmações e a relação de causa (“BECAUSE”).
I. “Text I shows some words that are common to Konglish and that non-Korean people need explanation.”
No Texto I, aparecem vários termos coreanos usados no cotidiano (por exemplo, unni/nunah, oppa/hyung, dongseng) e o próprio texto explica o que eles significam e como são usados (“guys call older guys…”, “Anyone younger is universally…”). Isso indica que são palavras associadas a esse uso híbrido (coreano-inglês) e que para quem não é coreano provavelmente precisam de explicação. Portanto, a afirmação I é verdadeira.
II. “According to Text II, this variety of English is intertwined with Korean culture and is part of the secondary circles of World Englishes.”
No Texto II, Konglish é descrito como uma variedade de inglês “unique to Korea” e ligada ao contexto sociocultural coreano, sendo uma variedade que existe fora do “inner circle” (Reino Unido/EUA). A ideia central é a de World Englishes: variedades legítimas do inglês em diferentes sociedades, associadas a contextos culturais locais. Assim, é correto dizer que ela está entrelaçada à cultura coreana e situada fora do inner circle (isto é, em círculos externos/“secundários”, no sentido de não-centrais). Logo, a afirmação II é verdadeira.
Relação de justificativa (II justifica I?)
Embora II esteja correta ao caracterizar Konglish como variedade culturalmente marcada e fora do “inner circle”, isso não é uma justificativa direta para I.
- A afirmação I é sustentada principalmente pelo fato de que o Texto I apresenta termos específicos (palavras coreanas) e os explica, sugerindo a necessidade de explicação para leitores não coreanos.
- A afirmação II fala da legitimidade e do status sociolinguístico do Konglish no quadro de World Englishes, e não explica especificamente por que, no Texto I, aquelas palavras exigiriam explicação para não coreanos.
Então, I e II são verdadeiras, mas II não justifica I.
Alternativa correta: (2).